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How is a cerebral arteriovenous fistula diagnosed?
Diagnosing an arteriovenous fistula may involve the following:
Physical examination. Allowing the doctor to identify whether there is a characteristic "thrill" (vibration) or bruit (whooshing sound) over the affected area during a physical examination.
Imaging tests. These include ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to help visualize the abnormal connection between the artery and vein.
Catheter angiography. This involves injecting a contrast dye into the blood vessels to provide detailed images of the vascular system.
How is a cerebral arteriovenous fistula treated?
Treatment for an arteriovenous fistula depends on the severity and location of the fistula:
Observation. Small, asymptomatic AVFs may simply be monitored regularly without immediate intervention.
Surgery. Surgical intervention may be required to repair or remove the fistula, especially if it is causing significant symptoms or complications.
Endovascular therapy. Minimally invasive procedures like catheter embolization can be used to block the abnormal connection.
Medication. Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or complications such as heart failure or blood clots.
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