Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - Diagnosis & Treatment

Symptoms & Causes Diagnosis & Treatment

How is idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosed?

Diagnosis of IIH involves several steps:

Medical history and physical examination to identify symptoms and risk factors.
Ophthalmologic examination, including fundoscopy, to check for papilloedema and other visual issues.
Neuroimaging tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scans to rule out other causes of increased intracranial pressure, such as tumours or blood clots.
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) involves measuring the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and analysing the fluid to rule out infections or other abnormalities.

Treatment of IIH aims to reduce intracranial pressure, alleviate symptoms, and prevent vision loss. Options include:

Medications. Diuretics like acetazolamide are commonly used to reduce CSF production. Pain relievers and other medications may be prescribed for headache management.
Weight loss. For individuals who are overweight, gradual weight loss can significantly reduce symptoms and intracranial pressure.
Therapeutic procedures. Repeated lumbar punctures can temporarily reduce pressure. In severe cases, surgical options like optic nerve sheath fenestration or cerebrospinal fluid shunting may be considered to relieve pressure.
Lifestyle modifications. Dietary changes, regular exercise, and avoiding factors that worsen symptoms can help manage the condition.
Regular monitoring. Ongoing follow-up with healthcare providers, including ophthalmologists, is essential to monitor vision and adjust treatment as needed.